Universal Design is a design philosophy developed by Ron Mace at NC State University in 1997, built on the principle that spaces should be usable by all people without specialized adaptation. Its seven principles — equitable use, flexibility, simplicity, perceptible information, tolerance for error, low physical effort, and appropriate size and space — describe a design approach that produces beautiful, functional homes that work for everyone. Universal Design does not look institutional: a curbless shower is more elegant than a curbed one. A wide doorway is a more generous architectural detail. A lever door handle is cleaner and easier to use at every age. These are design improvements, not accessibility compromises.