A net zero energy home produces as much energy from on-site renewables (solar PV) as it consumes from the grid annually — net annual utility bill near zero. For Utah Zone 5: R-60+ attic; R-30–R-40 wall with continuous exterior insulation; triple-pane windows U-0.20 or better; building air leakage ≤ 1.5 ACH50; cold-climate heat pump for heating and cooling (Mitsubishi H2i, Bosch, or Daikin rated to -13°F); heat pump water heater (3–4× efficiency vs. electric resistance); HRV mechanical ventilation per ASHRAE 62.2; LED lighting; and a solar PV system sized for 100% annual offset (typically 10–14 kW for a well-sealed Utah home). DOE Zero Energy Ready Home (ZERH) certifies homes at HERS ≤ 45 before PV. Passive House (PHIUS+ 2021) is the strictest standard: heating demand ≤ 4.75 kBtu/ft²/year. Net zero is achievable in Utah’s Climate Zone 5 — the combination of excellent solar resource and a well-designed envelope makes it more economically accessible here than in most U.S. markets.