For all Utah exterior concrete applications: minimum 4,000 PSI compressive strength, air entrainment of 5–7% per ACI 318 exposure class F2, and water-cement ratio of 0.45 or below. Air entrainment is the most critical parameter — it creates microscopic voids that relieve freeze-thaw expansion stress inside the concrete, preventing the surface scaling that destroys under-specified exterior concrete in Utah within 5–10 years. Standard 3,000 PSI non-air-entrained concrete is NOT appropriate for any Utah exterior application and will fail prematurely under Wasatch Front freeze-thaw conditions. For surfaces receiving de-icing salts, specify ACI 318 Class F3 requirements: 4,500 PSI minimum, 6–7% air, w/c ≤ 0.40. Near the Great Salt Lake margin, Type V sulfate-resistant cement is required per ACI 318 Table 19.3.2 due to elevated sulfate concentrations in the groundwater.